Volume 10, No. 2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
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January 14, 2012 – 8:59 am
Volume 10 No.2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
Study of some physicochemical properties of coat fibers in camels
Abd ElGhany, W. H.
Wool Production and Technology Department,
Animal and Poultry Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
The present study was done in Sidi-Barrani region (120 km west of Matrouh city of Egypt). Hair representative samples were obtained from the fleeces of 16 adult one – humped local camels (8 males and 8 females) at the end of August, 2009. Hair samples were divided into two types of fibers; outer coarse fibers and inner fine fibers to study and compare the chemical composition of local camel fibers in relation to their physical characteristics. No significant differences were found in amino acids content between male and female hair fibers except the amino acid Proline which showed a marked increase in female fibers than males, while the non significant numerical increase was noticed in the amino acids; Gly, Cys, Leu, His, Lys and Arg which were increased in male hair fibers content than in females, although these values didn’t reach to the significant levels. In terms of fine inner coat fibers, the differences of hair characteristics between groups were not significant, but the differences of IM% and FM% of outer coat between males and females reached to (P < 0.05).Within groups, the differences of hair physical characteristics between outer and inner coat fibers, in both males and females, were significant (P < 0.01) except CM% and IM% fibers in male group. The overall mean of the amino acid; Cys of males was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in females. The fine fibers (under coat) contained higher amounts of Cys than the coarse fibers (outer coat) in both of males and females. The coarse fibers of males and females had more content of the two amino acids; Thr and Glu than the fine fibers. The overall mean of the amino acid; Pro recorded a significantly increase in hair fibers of females, as compared with males. The amino acid Lys was found to be positively and highly correlated (P<0.01) with FD, while the STL was found to be positively correlated (P<0.05) with the amino acid; Cys. The amino acid; Gly was found to be negatively correlated (P<0.05) with the kemp percentage (K %), in male hair fibers.
Keywords: Amino acids composition, Hair fibers, Camels.
January 14, 2012 – 8:56 am
Volume 10 No.2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
Impact of wells water on survival of small ruminant in shalateen-halaib region, Egypt
YOUNIS, F. E
Animal and Poultry Physiology Department, Animal and Poultry Division, Desert research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
This study was carried out in Shalateen- Halaib region. Shalateen-Halaib has a vital strategic importance to Egypt, located in the south-eastern of Egypt desert. It is characterized by broad biodiversity of water resources, soil, plant and animal. Animal production industry (raising, trading and marketing) is main source of income for most inhabitants in the region (El-Shaer, 2000). The present work was designed to throw some lights on utilization the wells water and its influence on some physiological response in small ruminant which growing in this area and relation between their contents of heavy metals such as Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn and Sr with survival the sheep and goats in this region in dry grazing period (May–November) and green grazing period (December – April). Heavy metals significantly increased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β andIL- 6 while decreasing the production of IL-8. Nonetheless, cytokines may function as biomarkers in elucidating the mechanisms of the immunotoxic effects of heavy metals. Better understanding to maximize the utilization of available local resources; consequently implementing proper measures and approaches to overcome the prevailing constraints are considered of almost importance for increasing productivity of animal in the a vital strategic region.
Keywords: Small ruminant, Water wells, Heavy metals, Cytokines, Adaptation
January 14, 2012 – 8:23 am
المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني ( Volume 10 No.2 (2011
Effect of somatotropin administration on reproductive hormones and some metabolic parameters of cycling Egyptian ewes
*El-Far, F.I; ** El-Nour, Hayat,vH.M. and ** Mahmoud, Mona A
* Physiology, Dep, Fac. Vet. Med., Cairo University
** Biology, Dept, Animal Reproduction Research Institute Al Ahram- Giza, hayatelnour@yahoo.com
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of recombinant bovine Somatotropin (rbST) on some reproductive hormones and metabolites related to ovarian activity during luteal phase with two different doses of somatotropin. This study was carried out on fifteen sexually mature local crossbred ewes (Barki ×Rahmani) of 2-3 years old and of average weight 50-60 kg. Estrous cycle was synchronized by two doses of PGF2α (Prosolvin) injection of 1ml of 5 mg into vaginal submucosa 10 days a part. Ewes were randomly allotted into three groups of 5 ewes each, the first was kept as control, the second and the third groups were subcutaneously injected with 2.5 and 5 mg of somatotropin / day respectively, and continued to cover complete estrous cycle. Individual blood samples were collected daily throughout the experimental periods. High dose somatotropin has an over all increament effect on serum progesterone level on comparison with each of control and low dose somatotropin group. Also, both doses of somatotropin have an overall increasing effect on serum estradiol 17β and IGF1 levels. Androstenedione level was lower in treated ewes compared with control. Moreover, High dose of rbST treated group has an overall increment effect on serum glucose and cholesterol levels. High density lipoprotein (HDL) level in high rbST dose group was higher than that of eachother two groups. Both of overall means of low density lipoprotein (LDL) of control and high dose bST groups were higher than that of low dose somatotropin one. All previous parameters were dependent on the day of the luteal phase. We concluded that higher dose of rbST (5mg/day) subcutaneously injection has positive effect on the reproductive hormones as progesterone, estradiol and IGF1. The same effect of high dose rbST was clear on the levels of serum glucose and lipid profiles. So we recommended using 5 mg of rbST injection to cycling ewes to optimize reproductive management and fertility via its increasing effect on reproductive hormones and metabolites which led to enhance follicular growth and ovarian activity.
Key words: ewe rbST sex hormones IGF1 glucose lipid profiles.
January 14, 2012 – 8:17 am
المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني Volume 10 No.2 (2011)
Potentiality of reducing heavy metals levels in egyptian buffalo calves
Hafez, Y.M.1, A.E. EL-Kholy1, M.A Hanafy1, M.A.M. Salama2 and S.A. Mahmoud2
1 Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
2 Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
Corresponding author: yasseinhafez@yahoo.com
To study the ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation of either yeast or zinc or EDTA on reducing plasma and tissue residues of lead and cadmium, a total of 20 buffalo calves were utilized in four treatments. Lead and cadmium levels were quantified fortnightly in blood samples throughout the fattening period (6 months) and the residues in liver, kidney and eye muscles after slaughtering were measured. The yeast or zinc or EDTA supplementation resulted in reducing (P> 0.05) levels of plasma lead (0.27, 0.25 and 0.24 ppm, respectively) compared to 0.54 ppm in the control group. The corresponding residues of cadmium in plasma were 0.05, 0.04 and 0.04 ppm, respectively compared to the control group which was 0.09 ppm. The levels of lead in liver were varied (P<0.05) among the different treatments being 0.12, 0.41 and 0.16 ppm in yeast, zinc and EDTA groups, respectively compared to 0.27 ppm in the control group. Meanwhile, the residues of lead in kidney were lower (P<0.05) in yeast, zinc and EDTA treated groups than the control group (0.28, 0.11 and 0.08 ppm and 0.92 ppm, respectively). The residues of lead in the eye muscle were 0.12, 0.07 and 0.05 ppm for yeast, zinc and EDTA groups compared to the control group (0.15 ppm). Residues (ppm) of cadmium in liver were less in yeast (0.24), zinc (0.23) and EDTA (0.20) treated groups compared to the control group (0.52). The cadmium residues in kidney was the highest in the control group (0.41 ppm) compared to the yeast, zinc and EDTA groups which were 0.23, 0.29 and 0.29 ppm, respectively. In eye muscle, cadmium residues were ranged between 0.04 to 0.02 ppm in all the treated groups. The present study declared that dietary addition of yeast or zinc or EDTA can reduce the residues of lead and cadmium in both blood and soft tissue of buffalo calves. Moreover, buffalo calves supplemented with EDTA had the lowest residues compared to those supplemented with yeast or zinc. Also, the lowest residues of lead and cadmium were found in skeletal muscles, whereas the corresponding residues were the highest in liver of buffalo calves.
Key words: Lead, cadmium, zinc, yeast, EDTA, blood, tissue, Buffalo calves.
January 14, 2012 – 8:11 am
Volume 10 No.2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
Effect of drinking saline water and water deprivation on semen quality and some blood parameters of Barki rams
A. A. Zaghloul, Afaf A. Al-Hameed, K. A. El-Bahrawy
Department of Animal Physiology, Desert research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt.
The present investigation was carried out on forty Barki rams for a period of 10 months to study the effects of drinking saline water and water deprivation on semen quality and serum biochemical constituents. Animals were randomly divided into 4 equals. G1 animals served as control given regular tap water, G2 animals were given saline water containing 10624 ppm TDS, G3 animals were given fresh water every 3 days (fresh water deprivation) and G4 animals were given saline water every 3 days (saline water deprivation). The results indicated that animals given saline water showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in ejaculate volume with non-significant differences in the initial motility, percentage of dead sperms and sperm concentration. However, semen pH value and acrosomal damage increased (P<0.01) with drinking saline water in addition to a significant (P<0.01) decrease in post cooling motility percentage as compared to the G1. There were no significant (P>0.10) differences between deprivation of either saline or fresh water on all the tested parameters except for a significant decrease in sperm concentration. Serum free amino acid profiles showed a similar pattern for the four treatments with a decrease in the concentration in G2 as compared with the other groups. High values in the concentrations of glutamic, histidine and arginine were detected in the fresh and saline water deprivation groups. Fresh drinking water group showed 19 protein bands, while saline water drinking group showed only 15. The fresh and saline water deprived groups showed less protein bands being 12 and 11 bands, respectively. The treated groups showed bands with low molecular weights ranging between (2.164 up to 8.3 kDa) as compared to G1. Absence of protein bands with Mwt exceeding 127.6 kDa were observed in G2 as compared with the other groups. It is concluded that in case of shortage of fresh water, diluted sea water (TDS 10624 ppm) could be introduced to animals as a source of drinking water without causing hazards in semen quality even under water deprivation.
Key words: Saline water, water deprivation, Barki rams, semen quality, amino
January 14, 2012 – 8:04 am
Volume 19 No.2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
Studies on some reproductive behavioral and physiological patterns in buffalo cows
EL-Malky1, O. M. ; Rashwan2, S. E.; komonna1,O. F.; and Afify1 , A. A.
1,Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
2Anim. Prod. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain-Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of calving season on some reproductive behavioral and physiological patterns of sixty three cyclic Egyptian buffalo cows were used in this study and taken randomly after calving directly and extended to the next conception. Animals being in their 1st and 10th parities. Animals were divided into two comparable groups according to calving season ( cold or hot).The experimental lasted for 12 months. Body weight at the beginning of the experiment was ranged from 350 to 675 kg for the two groups with an average of 512.50 kg and were not significantly different in their body weight and parity .From sixty three buffalo, thirty buffalo cows calved in hot season and thirty three calved in cold season. Animal were hand milked twice daily at 8.00 am. and 4,00 pm. throughout the lactation period.. Buffalo were checked visually for heat three times daily by a teaser. Buffalo were fed concentrate fed mixture (CFM),berseem , berseem hay and rice straw according to their body weight and milk production .Behavioral activities were recorded. Blood samples were collected from all animals twice weekly via the jugular vein from each buffalo cow during postpartum period. Results revealed that season of calving affected significantly (P<0.05) the first postpartum ovulation it was longer for buffalo calved in hot season than that in cold season. Also, number of parity was shown a significant effect (P<0.05) on the uterine involution period. Age of dam showed that a significant effect on all parameters except postpartum estrus interval. Number of services per conception was higher in hot season than that cold season with a higher conception rate in the cold season than in the hot season. Blood parameters were significant higher in hot season than that in the cold season except of total cholesterol. Expression of estrus in buffalo differed according to year season, since some estrus signs were more frequent in the cold season such as bellowing and other were higher in hot season such as restlessness.
Key words: buffalo cows, reproductive, estrus signs, blood parameters.
January 14, 2012 – 8:00 am
Volume 10 No.2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
Reproductive performance, milk yield and blood components of postpartum Friesian cows as affected by propylene glycol administration
EL-SEDFY, ENAS, R.M.; SOROUR, EMAN, A.S.; A.E.B. ZEIDAN AND M.A.A. EL-HENAWY
Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
The present study aimed to define the effect of propylene glycol administration on milk yield, milk composition, blood components and somatic cell count in postpartum cows. Changes in body condition score (BCS), was studied. Days to first estrous, number of services per conception, days open and conception rate were also recorded. Forty multiparous parities of Friesian cows were allocated according to expected calving date, body condition score and milk yield. They were also distributed into two similar groups (20 each). The first group was kept as control cows and cows in the second group were treated with 300g propylene glycol once daily from day 15 prior to expected calving date until parturition (day 0) and days 7 and 15 postpartum. The treated cows received orally 300 g propylene glycol once daily and the control cows received distilled water alone. The results showed no significant effect in the cows treated with or without propylene glycol on body condition score at 30 day prepartum and at 0 day (day of parturition) postpartum and at 90 days of lactation as compared to untreated cows. While, body condition score at 15 day postpartum was significantly (P<0.0 5) higher in the cows treated with propylene glycol than the untreated cows. There was also no significant effect in the treated cows on milk yield and milk composition (milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose, total solid and solids not fat). Somatic cell counts showed significantly (P<0.05) decreased in treated than the untreated cows. Total proteins and albumin concentrations in blood plasma were significantly (P<0.05) higher, while globulin concentration was insignificantly higher in the cows treated with propylene glycol than the untreated cows. Cholesterol, total lipids, progesterone hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the cows treated with propylene glycol as compared to the untreated cows. The interval from calving to first estrous, days open and number of services per conception were significantly (P<0.05) shorter, while the conception rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the cows treated with propylene glycol than the untreated cows (control).
Key words: Friesian cows, propylene glycol, milk production, blood, conception rate.
January 13, 2012 – 7:35 am
Volume 10 No.2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
The Alleviation of Genotoxic Effects of Cyclophosphamide Using Encapsulation into Liposomes in the Absence or Presence of Vitamin C
Tohamy, Amany A.1; Abdel Azeem, Amira A.2; Esmail, M.W.3 and Mahmoud, Wafaa S.1
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
2Genetics Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt.
3 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anticancer and immune-suppressant that induces oxidative stress. To ameliorate the side effects resulted from CP treatment; this study was constructed using liposomes as an efficient drug delivery system and/or vitamin C as an antioxidant. The results of the study showed that CP resulted in clastogenic and cytotoxic effects as represented by chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus assay. Also, the oxidative stress is clearly detected from the measurement of total glutathione S- transferase activity as a body antioxidant enzyme. The treatment with encapsulated CP into liposomes or liposomes containing CP with vitamin C resulted in an observed amelioration effect on all side effects detected by using free CP.
Key words: liposomes, oxidative stress, cyclophosphamide, vitamin C, glutathione S- transferase.
January 13, 2012 – 7:29 am
Volume 10 No.2 (2011) المجلد العاشر العدد الثاني
Effect of Electromagnetic Waves Emitted From Mobile Phone on Reproductive Performance of Japanese quail
Souad, A. A.1, Abeer, A. A. 2
1Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management Dept., Fac. Vet. Med., Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt.
2Physiology Dept., Fac. Vet. Med., Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt.
Adult Japanese quails (30 males and 90 females) 12 weeks old were divided into two equal groups (experimental and control) in two separate rooms to examine the effect of electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile phone on the reproductive performance of these birds. In the first room, where the experimental group was raised, a mobile phone was placed on the cages for a period of 90 minutes daily, during this period the telephone ringed three times of 30 minutes interval for six weeks. Eggs were collected three times daily to record daily egg production and egg weights. Eggs were incubated to study the effect of waves emitted from mobile phone on the percentages of fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and weights of hatched chicks. Every two weeks, blood samples were collected for determination of serum calcium and estrogen in female and testosterone concentration in males. Then these birds were slaughtered for determination of gonads′ weights and lengths of oviducts. The obtained results indicated that, exposure to mobile phone vibrations had no effect on daily egg production but significantly increased the % of soft shelled eggs. While, both hatchability and fertility % significantly decreased, the embryonic mortality % including early, mid and late dead percentages was significantly increased in the experimental group than in the control group during most experimental weeks. There were no significant differences in hatching weights, blood calcium level, 17-ß estradiol concentrations, ovarian weights or oviduct length during any experimental periods. Exposure to mobile phone vibrations significantly decreased serum testosterone concentration from the fourth week and significantly decreased testicular weights at the sixth week as compared to the control males.
Keywords: mobile phone, electromagnetic field, Japanese quail, egg production, estrogen, testosterone, calcium, testes, ovary, fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality. .
